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   Indian Panchayats
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Foundation of Indian Political System
 
Panchayat system is a unique creation of Indian political system. In the literal sense it means the assembly of five most proficient, wise and revered elders selected by the village community. Well, this is in no way a recent phenomenon and has been prevalent in the rural India from ancient days. In general the responsibility conferred upon them is to settle all kinds of disputes between individuals and villages by the means of mutual settlements. However, in the recent years the Union Government of India has taken lots of measures to empower the village panchayats in a better manner. For greater advancements to this effect the government has decentralized several administrative functions to the village level that have undoubtedly made the panchayats more able.  But these village panchayats have no similarity with the caste panchayats that are predominant in selected parts of India.
Even though this system is ancient, this administrative system has been eulogized and recommended by Mahatma Gandhi in the modern age. He in real terms advocated the establishment of Panchayat Raj, which would be the ideal decentralized form of government meant for the development and empowerment of the village. In both content and implementation it would work as the foundation of the Indian political scenario. If the development continues it would lead to self-governance in the subsequent periods.
Though the basic demand for this had been for long, it was only in the1950s and 60s the Government of India enacted laws for the establishment of Panchayats in various constituent states. But it was only in the year 1992 when this found an official expression in the Constitution of India with the 73rd amendment. This very Amendment Act of 1992 is comprised of provisions for decentralization of powers and responsibilities conferred upon the panchayats. These are destined for the preparation of plans for the sake of economic development and social justice along with the proper execution of twenty-nine subjects listed in the eleventh schedule of the constitution.                   
 
 
 
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